Egress windows are windows that meet specific regulations in order to serve as an exit point in case of a fire or other emergency. In the case of egress windows it is essential to keep up-to-date with regulations as the consequences of not having a properly sized window can be deadly. 

Basements are required to have windows that can be used as an escape should an emergency arise. It is unlawful to utilize any space as a bedroom without meeting the requirements.

The OBC ( Ontario Building Code 2020) details specific size requirements as:

Windows referred to above shall provide unobstructed openings with areas not less than 0.35 m² (3.77′), with no dimension less than 380 mm(15′′). To ensure the unobstructed opening meets these criteria, you should measure between the sashes, jambs, sills, and opening mechanisms. (See Figure 1 below)

Window size requirement

Egress Window Requirements

When should you get egress windows?

The National Building Code of Canada and Ontario Building code states that bedroom windows

 must meet the following requirements:

1. Provide a minimum of 5-percent LIGHT for the floor area of the room.
2. Provide VENTILATION adequate for year-round mechanical ventilation.
3. Must be properly sized to provide EMERGENCY ESCAPE, be opened from the inside without use of keys, tools, hardware or special knowledge.
4. Basement Window Requirements
5. Basement egress windows are different when compared to those on higher levels.

All the same size and style requirements apply regardless of location. However, when it comes to basement windows, they are typically higher than one and a half meters above the floor. In this case it is always recommended that a step is built below the window to provide easy access in case of a fire or other emergency.

Installation

In many cases when basement windows are converted into bedroom basement windows to accommodate a playroom, concrete wall cutting might be required in order to make the window bigger.

In such cases, many window replacement companies recommend hiring a contractor that will enlarge the window opening to the proper window size. Your window replacement company will provide accurate dimensions based on local building codes.

This work usually requires a permit from your municipality, so make sure to clarify with your company whether your window installation requires any additional approvals. As the homeowner, you are usually required to obtain and secure a cut-out permit.

After the opening is enlarged, the new window can then be installed.

Replacement

Replacing a basement window is the right choice when windows do not meet safety standards.

If you’ve got a limited budget and have general contracting knowledge, you may want to tackle some of the

 prep work that’s needed such as:

• Calling the utility companies to mark underground hydro, natural gas, cable and water lines. This is not only a good idea so you don’t damage these hidden lines, but it may also be a law in your province to call before doing any excavation work. Dig Safe Canada has a list of all provincial regulations to assist you.
• Establishing the dimensions for the egress window you want to use.
• Ordering the proper type and size window. There are specific requirements associated with egress windows.
• Build window framing from pressure-treated lumber.
• Possible digging out the window well area (that may be needed to comply as an escape route.)
• Installation of window well (you may need an expensive custom size.)
• Addition of flexible, PVC irrigation pipe that will allow the well to drain properly.
• Tarping the interior to protect a finished basement from water damage when cutting the concrete. Water is used to reduce friction on the cutting blades and could damage exposed items inside
• Remember, professional concrete cutters will make sure these critical elements of the job are done properly so you avoid major structural damage and/or extra expense:

• Proper opening size and location (including accommodation for the window frame.)
• The right type of egress window well is used to meet code and height requirements. It will also include proper irrigation to allow the well to drain instead of fill with water during rainstorms or snowmelt.
• All permits are in place prior to construction. This means that the specific requirements for your area are met for egress windows, concrete cutting, and any special codes related to the project.
• Window well is positioned away from the downspout to prevent flooding.
• Oversized openings are reinforced with metal bars or plates.
• Budget overview and itemized scope of work identifies any extra costs associated with special finish work, concrete pours, reinforcement, thick walls, or decorative stones.
• Breaking up the concrete and removing the pieces of the wall area to accommodate the window and frame.